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<p>What is the correct Hello World program in C?</p>

<p>Since the first page of <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=c+hello+world" rel="noreferrer">Google results for "c hello world"</a> vary greatly and many are old C, I would like the standard version in one place for easy copy and paste.</p>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Do a lot of hello world programming?</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/302139/edwin-buck"
                       title="61,126 reputation"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 17:04:49Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 17:04</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">All versions are correct pretty much! And you can pretty much include the whole C library to make a hello world, without a problem! This is not really a constructive question! Constructive would be the most efficient hello world program in C maybe? Or a version that gives a quick overview of syntax and needs (eg stdio.h inclusion, main return type etc.) A hello world is almost always correct as far as I know!!!</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1650200/angelos-chalaris"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 20:51:16Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 20:51</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Any program whose sole function is to print <code>hello world</code> on your screen is correct. Already this question has elicited a good deal of polling... voting to close.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/119775/jean-fran%c3%a7ois-corbett"
                       title="33,138 reputation"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-11 07:48:04Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 11 '12 at 7:48</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">There are some correctness issues raised by the question, for example some of the results in that Google search don&#39;t specify the return type of <code>main</code> (relying on implicit <code>int</code>). But I don&#39;t think the question is really phrased to draw those issues out: there&#39;s no &quot;the correct&quot; hello world; if the question is &quot;what&#39;s wrong with this code?&quot; then it should post and ask about specific code, not refer via Google search to all the code in the world; I doubt that SO is the place to curate a &quot;hello world&quot; for every language, at a rate of one question per language.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/13005/steve-jessop"
                       title="248,218 reputation"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-11 11:55:38Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 11 '12 at 11:55</span></span>
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<p>Depends how lazy you are: :)</p>

<pre><code>#error Hello World
</code></pre>
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                <span class="comment-copy">I learned something here.  I am new to C so I was unaware that I can introduce my own errors.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1009816/xandout"
                       title="173 reputation"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2013-09-23 06:03:23Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 23 '13 at 6:03</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">This is, unfortunately, absolutely correct.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1079573/rvighne"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2013-10-13 00:18:42Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Oct 13 '13 at 0:18</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">No up or down vote, because sometimes awesome and terrible are the same.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1028261/meawoppl"
                       title="2,187 reputation"
                       class="comment-user">meawoppl</a>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2014-03-04 03:05:28Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Mar 4 '14 at 3:05</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">But this doesn&#39;t compile. Compiling != running.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/229792/jameshfisher"
                       title="23,461 reputation"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2014-07-27 12:11:58Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Jul 27 '14 at 12:11</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">I can&#39;t compile it. Is there something else to the code? I am not fluent in C nor its flavors.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1474815/paulo-pedroso"
                       title="2,569 reputation"
                       class="comment-user">Paulo Pedroso</a>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2018-07-04 16:31:52Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0" class="relativetime-clean">Jul 4 '18 at 16:31</span></span>
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<p>I believe this is a standard Hello World program in C:</p>

<pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;

int main(void)
{
  printf("Hello World\n");
  return 0;
}
</code></pre>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Should be <code>puts(&quot;hello&quot;)</code> or <code>printf(&quot;%s&quot;,&quot;hello&quot;)</code></span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/343721/jan-turo%c5%88"
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                <span class="comment-copy">@JanTuroň is puts standard C or possix?</span>
                
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                <span class="comment-copy">@KorayTugay:  <code>puts()</code> is in Standard C (all editions).  It is also in POSIX.</span>
                
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                <span class="comment-copy">@JonathanLeffler Thank you.</span>
                
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<p>In C99 or C2011, you could use these five lines of code:</p>

<pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
int main(void)
{
    puts("Hello World!");
}
</code></pre>

<p>Since C99 (but not C89) allows you to omit the <code>return 0;</code> at the end, it returns a deterministic status of 0 (success) to the calling environment.  It doesn't have any unused arguments to the function.  It has the prototype for <code>puts()</code> from the header.  The output includes an appropriate line ending.  I think it is kosher and essentially minimal.</p>
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        answered <span title="2012-09-10 22:10:13Z" class="relativetime">Sep 10 '12 at 22:10</span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">You do not even need the &quot;void&quot; I think.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1173112/koray-tugay"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2015-05-20 17:39:42Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">May 20 '15 at 17:39</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@KorayTugay: That depends on the compiler options you use.  I use options that insist on the presence of <code>void</code>; if you choose to run with sloppier, more permissive options, you can get away without the <code>void</code>.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/15168/jonathan-leffler"
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                <span class="comment-copy">More accurately, the use of <code>void</code> depends on the standard being used.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/510036/qix-monica-was-mistreated"
                       title="11,281 reputation"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2017-02-10 02:57:29Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Feb 10 '17 at 2:57</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@Qix: would you care to elaborate on your comment that &#39;the use of <code>void</code> depends on the standard being used&#39;?</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/15168/jonathan-leffler"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2017-02-10 03:04:40Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Feb 10 '17 at 3:04</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@JonathanLeffler IIRC ANSI C <i>required</i> them, but C99 and onward states that you can use an implementation-defined <code>int main()</code> prototype and still be valid C. The fact compilers allow an empty argument list is to be considered &#39;implementation defined&#39;.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/510036/qix-monica-was-mistreated"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2017-02-10 03:07:53Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Feb 10 '17 at 3:07</span></span>
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<p>Official GNU Hello World can be found here: <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/" rel="noreferrer">http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/</a></p>

<blockquote>
  <p>The GNU Hello program produces a familiar, friendly greeting. Yes, this is another implementation of the classic program that prints “Hello, world!” when you run it.</p>
  
  <p>However, unlike the minimal version often seen, GNU Hello processes its argument list to modify its behavior, supports greetings in many languages, and so on. The primary purpose of GNU Hello is to demonstrate how to write other programs that do these things; it serves as a model for GNU coding standards and GNU maintainer practices.</p>
  
  <p>GNU Hello is written in C. For implementations in other programming languages, notably including translation into other languages, please see the GNU Gettext distribution.</p>
</blockquote>
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                <span class="comment-copy">+1 Bahahahaha, that&#39;s awesome.  Though I can appreciate the serious purpose it serves as a model + coding standards demo.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/8331/john-carter"
                       title="48,380 reputation"
                       class="comment-user">John Carter</a>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 20:26:03Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 20:26</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">At first I thought it was a joke, then I remembered the full-text GPL, and now I don&#39;t think it&#39;s a joke.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/510036/qix-monica-was-mistreated"
                       title="11,281 reputation"
                       class="comment-user">Qix - MONICA WAS MISTREATED</a>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2017-02-10 02:59:22Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Feb 10 '17 at 2:59</span></span>
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<p>There is more than one, and while Tor's answer is good, I prefer to always use an argc / argv main function.</p>

<pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  printf("Hello World\n");
  return 0;
}
</code></pre>

<p>In the rare, odd event that printf was being checked for failure, you might encounter</p>

<pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;errno.h&gt;

extern int errno;
extern FILE *stdout;

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  errno = 0;

  int err = printf("Hello World\n");

  if (err &lt; 0) {
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  err = fflush(stdout);

  if (err &lt; 0 || errno != 0) {
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  } else {
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
  }
}
</code></pre>

<p>Like any C program, this has been modified far too many times in attempts to make it even less buggy.  Special thanks to R.., dmp, and Scooter who really deserve more credit than I can give.</p>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Your second version contains multiple bugs. <code>printf</code> returns the number of characters written, so your error test is wrong. More subtly, this kind of error-checking with stdio is unreliable. If you want to report errors, you need to <code>fflush</code> too.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/379897/r-github-stop-helping-ice"
                       title="183,848 reputation"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 17:38:26Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 17:38</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">I always used argc/argv prototype for main, until I started using all warnings and now I have to use (void) in most cases to avoid being told argc/argv are unused.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1530549/scooter"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 19:51:39Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 19:51</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@R.. Thanks for the pointers, I modified printf to only check for error (negative) conditions.  I assumed that if stdio was unreliable, reporting errors via printf was unreliable too  (and flushing it wouldn&#39;t help a bit).  That&#39;s why the return code was used.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/302139/edwin-buck"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 20:10:59Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 20:10</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Don&#39;t return -1, return EXIT_FAILURE.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1658017/dmp"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 20:12:50Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 20:12</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@dmp Right.  Too much time on platforms where EXIT_FAILURE and -1 were the same.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/302139/edwin-buck"
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<p>The "official" one would be the one in the first edition of "The C Programming Language" by Kernighan and Ritchie.</p>

<p><a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;cad=rja&amp;ved=0CCAQFjAA&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.126.4437%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&amp;ei=H1lOUPU-5JnJAZC2gHA&amp;usg=AFQjCNE0mRrYFIweLQKJL8rfP0u_H6hBpA" rel="noreferrer">To wit</a>: </p>

<pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
main()
{
    printf("hello, world\n");
}
</code></pre>
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        answered <span title="2012-09-10 21:23:01Z" class="relativetime">Sep 10 '12 at 21:23</span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">The version of the C language described in 1st ed. K&amp;R C is no longer &quot;correct&quot;, nor is it advisable to use it as a reference.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/13005/steve-jessop"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-11 12:02:04Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 11 '12 at 12:02</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@SteveJessop -- Depends on what you consider &quot;correct&quot;.  It&#39;s certainly historic, in that it is the ORIGINAL &quot;hello world&quot;.  Would you tell Renoir one of his paintings wasn&#39;t &quot;correct&quot;?</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/581994/hot-licks"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-11 12:11:05Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 11 '12 at 12:11</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">I would if he&#39;d painted a street map of Paris, and someone asked for a &quot;correct&quot; street map of Paris on MapOverflow, and he gave them his from c. 1860. It would no longer be correct, and it would not be advisable to use it as a reference. Interestingly, Wikipedia mentions an earlier &quot;hello world&quot;, also by Kernighan, written in B. That&#39;s not &quot;correct C&quot; either, but it&#39;s certainly historic.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/13005/steve-jessop"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-11 12:49:06Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 11 '12 at 12:49</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@SteveJessop Interesting, as this brings to mind my recent toying with temporal databases.  Hot Licks and you are both correct, except temporally you are only interested in current, while Hot Licks is interested in past views of current knowledge.  For hello world, it comes down to requirements, and the only real requirement on that program is that it display &quot;Hello, world!&quot;.  If you meet all the requirements, no matter how badly written the code, is it correct?</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/302139/edwin-buck"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-11 14:00:39Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 11 '12 at 14:00</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@SteveJessop -- But it should be noted that the &quot;correct text&quot; is &quot;hello, world&quot;, not &quot;Hello World&quot; or &quot;Hello world!&quot; or whatever.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/581994/hot-licks"
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<p>What do you mean by "correct"? ;)</p>

<p>I suppose that this one is the most correct, as it doesn't miss anything:</p>

<pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;

#ifndef HELLO_STRING
#define HELLO_STRING "Hello, world!"
#endif

int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])
{
    puts(HELLO_STRING);
    return 0;
}
</code></pre>

<p>However, this program is not localized, if you want localization, then use libintl ;)</p>
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        answered <span title="2012-09-10 16:32:44Z" class="relativetime">Sep 10 '12 at 16:32</span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Good question ... what is correct ? versions with argc,argv,... could generate warnings as they are defined but not used.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1637009/kwariz"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 16:35:41Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 16:35</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@Kwariz I tried it with gcc -Wall -Wunused, it didn&#39;t generate these warnings. Which compiler do you mean?</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/532673/pupkov-zadnij"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 16:42:05Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 16:42</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">+1 for the comma in &quot;Hello, world!&quot;. ISTR reading that the first-ever &quot;hello world&quot; program had that, so it&#39;s clearly more correct.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/13005/steve-jessop"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 16:48:40Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 16:48</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@Pupkov-Zadnij well simply add -Wextra : gcc -Wall -Wextra ; I use gcc v4.7 ; but that was just to highlight that &quot;correct&quot; has no useful meaning (in my mind) when talking about The &quot;hello world&quot; source :)</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1637009/kwariz"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 16:50:12Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 16:50</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Please don&#39;t use envp.  Many implementations support more than two arguments to main, however, programs that define main with three arguments are not strictly conforming.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1658017/dmp"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2012-09-10 20:18:11Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Sep 10 '12 at 20:18</span></span>
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<pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;

int main()
{
  printf("Hello World\n");
  getchar();
  return 0;
}
</code></pre>
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        answered <span title="2012-12-06 01:20:30Z" class="relativetime">Dec 6 '12 at 1:20</span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@KorayTugay: so that the window it is run in doesn&#39;t disappear until after you type a character in it.  This is a problem with using IDEs to develop command line programs.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/15168/jonathan-leffler"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2015-05-20 17:45:43Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">May 20 '15 at 17:45</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@JonathanLeffler How is it related to IDEs? Terminal windows does not disappear either.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1173112/koray-tugay"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2015-05-20 19:28:21Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">May 20 '15 at 19:28</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">@KorayTugay: Which IDE do you use, on which platform?  You will find a lot of C code on SO that has <code>system(&quot;pause&quot;);</code> (1,800 questions) or <code>getch()</code> (3,400 questions) or <code>getchar()</code> at the end so that the program does not exit until the user types some input to let it finish.  (The raw numbers are from searches for &#39;system pause&#39; and &#39;getch&#39;; some may not be at the end of their programs.)  I understand that&#39;s because the terminal windows on Windows in particular vanish when the command exits.  I ran into similar problems with Eclipse and CDT a few years ago now (on Mac).</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/15168/jonathan-leffler"
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                <span class="comment-copy">@JonathanLeffler I am totally lost. Anyway thanks for your response and your time. No big issue anyway I guess..</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1173112/koray-tugay"
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                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2015-05-21 05:18:23Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">May 21 '15 at 5:18</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Err this is usually for people running .exe&#39;s directly from the file explorers on Windows since, if compiled in console mode, a console will usually flash and disappear before you can read any text.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/510036/qix-monica-was-mistreated"
                       title="11,281 reputation"
                       class="comment-user">Qix - MONICA WAS MISTREATED</a>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2017-02-10 03:02:28Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0" class="relativetime-clean">Feb 10 '17 at 3:02</span></span>
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<pre><code>$ cat hello.c
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;

int main(void)
{
    printf("Hello world!\n");
}

$ c99 hello.c
$ ./a.out
Hello world!
$
</code></pre>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Although there is an implicit return of 0 in this case (guaranteed by C99) please consider doing so explicitly as it is highly idiomatic.</span>
                
&ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/1658017/dmp"
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                <span class="comment-copy">@dmp There are enough answers with an explicit &quot;return 0&quot;.  My intention was to say something different :p</span>
                
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<p>Then there's:</p>

<pre><code>#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;

int main()
{
  system("echo Hello World!");
  return 0;
}
</code></pre>
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